When too much pressure is applied to a nerve by surrounding tissue (like bones, cartilage, or muscle), the nerve becomes compressed and pinched. This can cause various effects throughout the body, including pain and tingling. Most pinched nerves occur in the neck, mid-back, or lower back. Other common areas affected by the pressure put on nerves include the hands, elbows, and forearms; for example, carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when a nerve is pinched in the wrist.
Common symptoms of a pinched nerve include:
- Sharp pain, or a dull aching
- Numbness in the affected area
- Tingling (like the “pins and needles” sensation when your foot falls asleep)
- Muscle weakness
There is no singular cause of a pinched nerve.
Conditions that may result in a pinched nerve include:
- Aging: Natural “wear and tear” on the cartilage in joints can cause muscle imbalances and bone growths (known as bone spurs) that can put added pressure on the nerves.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: Inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can put added pressure on nerves.
- Injury: A sudden injury from physical activity or an accident can cause a pinched nerve. Improper weight lifting form or twisting/ pulling movements can lead to a herniated disk which can cause a pinched nerve.
- Repetitive movements: Extended periods of typing on a keyboard, lifting, twisting, or other movements that you may perform repetitively at work can wear and tear on your muscles and cartilage. These repeated motions can cause a pinched nerve.
- Obesity: Carrying excess weight during daily activities can put added pressure on your joints and bones, which can cause a pinched nerve.
If you experience the symptoms of nerve pressure or a pinched nerve for several days, talk to a health care provider. Pinched nerves can lead to a loss of mobility and chronic pain, which can severely impact your quality of life. If your symptoms persist for several days, contact your doctor to discuss treatment options.