Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when pores on the surface of the skin become clogged by hair follicles, oily skin, bacteria, and dead skin cells. Common acne symptoms include:
Blackheads: Small, open pores that can look dark in appearance due to oil and skin cell buildup
Whiteheads: Clogged pores that are closed to the air, causing a white tip
Papules: Small, red bumps caused by oil and dead skin cells clogging pores on the surface of the skin
Pustules (or pimples): Small red bumps that are similar to papules, but are filled with pus
Nodules: Firm, skin colored bumps that live deep under the skin. These bumps can be painful and difficult to treat with over-the-counter medication
Cysts: Large, inflamed, and painful lesions that are found deep beneath the skin. Cystic acne can be very difficult to treat, and can lead to scarring if improperly treated
People of all ages can develop acne, but it’s most common during puberty, when certain hormones activate oil glands within the skin. Other common causes of acne include:
- Medications: Certain medications such as corticosteroids, birth control pills, or testosterone can cause hormonal change and can lead to clogged pores
- Makeup or personal care products: Some cosmetic products and oily skin care products (like oily lotion, pomade, and face cream) can cause pores to clog. Most products are now tested to avoid clogging pores and are labeled as "non-comedogenic"
- Air pollution or weather: Heavy polluted air, or humid air can cause excess sweat and oil build up on the skin, which can lead to clogged pores
- Clothing: Clothing pressed tight against the skin of the torso, legs, or face can cause irritation, which leads to clogged pores