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About Muscle spasms

A muscle cramp or spasm is a sudden and involuntary contraction of your muscles. Though muscle cramps are generally harmless, they can make it hard to utilize the afflicted muscle for some time. Muscle cramps can be caused by certain medicines, medical disorders, and long durations of physical labor or activity. These types of spasms can usually be treated and prevented with at-home remedies.

Myoclonus, or “muscle jerks” are characterized by uncontrollable muscle spasms. They might be harmless, such as a hiccup or a "sleep start" as you fall asleep, or they can indicate a major health problem like multiple sclerosis, dementia, or Parkinson's disease. Myoclonus might manifest itself as jerking, quivering, or twitching in the muscles, and may last for a few seconds to a few minutes.

Below are common treatment options for muscle spasms. During your appointment, talk to your doctor about what treatment plan is right for you.

Your doctor may prescribe a muscle relaxant if you get frequent cramps that keep you awake at night, or if you are diagnosed with myoclonus. Muscle relaxants or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce discomfort and block pain signals sent by nerves that can trigger muscle spasms.

Muscle spasms can usually be treated with simple lifestyle changes and self-care methods. Not only can these remedies help treat muscle spasms, they may be able to prevent further cramping:

- Stay hydrated: Dehydration reduces blood flow to muscles, which can cause them to tighten and contract. Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day, supplementing water with sources of electrolytes. Additionally, avoid exercising in hot weather.

- Massage and stretch: To help a constricted muscle relax, stretch it and massage it gently. Put your weight on the tight leg and bend your knee slightly to relieve it. Sit on the floor or a chair with your afflicted leg outstretched if you can't stand. Pull the top of your foot (on the constricted side of the body) toward your head while keeping your leg straight. This will also assist with hamstring cramps at the rear of the thigh. To relieve a front thigh (quadriceps) cramp, sit in a chair and pull your foot on the afflicted side up toward your buttock. Foam rollers and massage guns can also help to stretch and release tension in tight muscles.

- Heat and ice treatment: Use a warm cloth or heating pad on tight muscles. Heat can encourage blood flow, which can speed up recovery and ease pain. Alternatively, applying ice to a constricted muscle may help relieve discomfort and reduce inflammation.

There is some evidence that vitamin B complex supplements help manage leg cramps, although more research is needed to confirm this.

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