Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is an irritation of the conjunctiva (the membrane that lines the inside surface of your eyelid). As small blood vessels become more irritated, they become more visible. This is why the whites of your eyes appear red or pink. Pink eye can be caused by an infection -- from a bacteria or virus -- an allergic response, or exposure to an irritant. Newborns may contract conjunctivitis from an incompletely opened tear duct. The infection may occur in one or both eyes.
Pink eye is extremely common and if caused by an infection, can spread quite easily. According to the Cleveland Clinic, there are 3-6 million cases of pink eye every year. Although the infection may be irritating, it rarely causes vision problems. It is important to remember, however, that because pink eye is so contagious, it is best to receive treatment for it as soon as possible.
Pink Eye Symptoms
Pink eye can cause a number of uncomfortable symptoms. These may vary in severity, depending on the infection.
Common symptoms of pink eye include:
- Redness in the white of the eye
- Itchiness
- Increased tearing/ tear production
- White or green discharge from the eye
- Gritty feeling in one or both eyes
- Crusting on one or both eyes (especially in the morning
- Blurred vision
- Sensitivity to light
Pink Eye Causes
Pink eye is generally caused by an infection from a harmful pathogen. Viruses are the most common cause of pink eye. Bacterial infections and irritation caused by allergens are also prevalant causes of pink eye. STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea have also been shown to cause pink eye in both adults and newborns.
Pink Eye Risk Factors
Pink eye caused by a viral or bacterial infection is highly contagious. Coming into close contact with someone who has been infected with pink eye is the most common form of transmission. Individuals who have allergies are also at an increased risk of developing pink eye (allergic conjunctivitis).