Medically reviewed by Jessica Swirble, PharmD
Last updated on March 26, 2025
Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request an Online Prescription
Metronidazole is an antibiotic medication commonly used to treat bacterial and parasitic infections. It belongs to a class of antibiotics known as nitroimidazoles.
Metronidazole is prescribed to treat various infections caused by bacteria and parasites, including:
Metronidazole is not effective against viral infections like the common cold or flu.
Metronidazole works by disrupting the DNA and cellular structure of bacteria and parasites, leading to their death.
It's important to note that metronidazole should not be used for viral or fungal infections.
Metronidazole is available in various forms, including oral tablets, capsules, extended-release tablets, and topical formulations (creams, gels). The dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the type and severity of the infection, as well as your medical condition and response to the medication.
Complete the full course of metronidazole as prescribed, even if your symptoms improve before the treatment is finished. Stopping the medication early can cause the infection to reoccur.
Consult your healthcare provider for specific instructions on how to take metronidazole properly.
The time it takes to experience symptom relief while taking metronidazole can vary depending on the type and location of the infection, its severity, and your overall health. Some individuals may notice improvement within a few days, while others may require a longer duration of treatment.
Continue taking metronidazole as directed by your healthcare provider and complete the full prescribed course to ensure effective treatment.
In addition to its primary uses in treating bacterial and parasitic infections, metronidazole may have off-label uses or be part of combination therapies for certain conditions. Off-label uses may include:
Discuss any alternative uses of metronidazole with your healthcare provider.
Metronidazole is available in various dosage forms, including:
Generic versions of metronidazole are available under various brand names.
Metronidazole is a prescription medication. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to obtain this drug.
The use of metronidazole has been shown to cause side effects in some patients.
Common mild side effects of metronidazole use include:
More severe side effects include:
Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any severe symptoms while taking metronidazole. If you experience mild side effects that become severe or do not go away after a few days, speak to a healthcare provider right away.
Tell your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or other medications you are taking before starting treatment with metronidazole. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements, as they may interact with this drug.
Tell your provider if you are taking these medications or supplements:
You should also mention medical conditions such as:
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider before using metronidazole to assess potential risks and benefits.
Avoid consuming alcohol or products containing alcohol, as it may cause a reaction (flushing, nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat).
Take metronidazole with food to minimize stomach upset.
Use caution when driving or operating machinery, as metronidazole may cause dizziness or drowsiness.
Your healthcare provider will provide specific instructions regarding the use of metronidazole with food, beverages, and other medications. It's essential to follow their guidance to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and minimize the risk of side effects.
The symptoms of a metronidazole overdose include:
If you experience any of these symptoms, call the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222. If an individual has collapsed, is having seizures, or is unresponsive, call 9-1-1 immediately.
Metronidazole is available in various forms:
The typical starting dose of metronidazole can vary depending on the specific infection being treated, the patient's age, weight, medical history, and other individual factors. It is crucial to follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and administration carefully.
For the treatment of bacterial infections, the typical starting doses may be:
For certain protozoal infections, the typical starting dose may be:
Your healthcare provider will assess your medical history, current medications, and the nature of your infection to determine the most appropriate starting dose and duration of treatment for you.
Metronidazole should be taken exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or make changes to your medication regimen without consulting your provider.
If you have any questions about your dosage, contact your healthcare provider. If you want to talk to a provider right away, book an online doctor appointment on Sesame to discuss your concerns.
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember it. If it's almost time for another dose of metronidazole, skip the missed dose and take your next dose as scheduled. Do not take or apply a double dose of metronidazole.
Do not discontinue or alter your metronidazole dosage without consulting with your healthcare provider. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosing and other recommendations for taking metronidazole.
Store metronidazole as directed by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Proper storage is essential to maintain the medication's effectiveness. Metronidazole should be stored at room temperature, away from excessive heat, light, and moisture.
Keep the medication out of the reach of children and ensure that the container is tightly closed.