Medically reviewed by Jessica Swirble, PharmD
Last updated on April 18, 2025
Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request an Online Prescription
Paxlovid is a prescription medication approved by the FDA for the treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus (COVID-19) infections. It is currently available to adult patients and pediatric patients (children over the age of 12 who weigh more than 88 lbs.) who have tested positive for COVID-19 and who are at risk of experiencing a progression of the infection that may result in hospitalization or death.
Paxlovid is only prescribed to patients who have received a positive test for COVID-19 (meaning that the disease has infected them). It will not be prescribed as a measure to prevent exposure to the virus, nor is it a substitute for vaccination against COVID-19.
Paxlovid has recently been approved by the FDA to treat mild-to-moderate cases of the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in adults and children over the age of 12 who are at high risk of being hospitalized. It is only prescribed to patients who have received a positive test for COVID-19. This medication is not indicated for use as a prophylactic (preventative) against the disease.
Paxlovid consists of two separate drugs, prescribed and administered simultaneously, for the treatment of COVID-19. The two drugs that are taken at the same time are nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. Nirmatrelvir inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 protein, which prevents the virus from replicating. As a supplement, ritonavir slows the breakdown of nirmatrelvir after it has been ingested, allowing the drug to last longer in the body.
Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir are prescribed together as a treatment for COVID-19. They are not meant to be taken individually or at doses other than what is prescribed by your doctor.
Paxlovid is available in the following form:
The dosage and frequency of use depend on the condition being treated, its severity, and how you respond to the medication.
Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and schedule. Do not exceed the prescribed dose or frequency of use without consulting your provider.
Paxlovid is intended to reduce the risk of severe illness from COVID-19 and events such as hospitalization and death. Paxlovid is most effective when taken shortly after symptoms begin. It may take several days before your COVID-19 symptoms begin to get better.
Continue using Paxlovid as prescribed, even if you start feeling better. Regular use according to your prescription plan is crucial for the effective management of symptoms.
While Paxlovid is primarily used to treat COVID-19 in individuals at risk of severe illness, healthcare providers may prescribe it off-label for other conditions related to COVID-19.
Discuss any alternative uses of Paxlovid with your healthcare provider.
Paxlovid is available in the following dosage forms:
Paxlovid is a prescription medication. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to obtain this medication.
The use of Paxlovid can lead to various side effects in some individuals.
Common mild side effects of Paxlovid use include:
More severe side effects of Paxlovid use can include:
If you experience any severe or concerning side effects while taking Paxlovid, contact your healthcare provider right away.
Tell your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or other medications you are taking before starting treatment with Paxlovid. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements, as they may interact with Paxlovid.
Tell your provider if you are taking these medications or supplements:
You should also mention medical conditions such as:
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider before using Paxlovid to assess potential risks and benefits.
Take Paxlovid exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or frequency of use.
Paxlovid may cause side effects such as taste alteration, diarrhea, or high blood pressure, so monitor your health and report any severe or persistent symptoms to your doctor. It's important to complete the full course of the medication even if you start to feel better.
In case of a Paxlovid overdose, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include increased severity of side effects such as liver problems, kidney issues, or severe gastrointestinal symptoms. If you suspect an overdose, contact the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222 or call emergency services.
Paxlovid is available in the following form:
The typical starting dose of Paxlovid depends on the condition being treated, the severity of symptoms, and individual patient factors. It is crucial to follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and administration.
For the treatment of COVID-19 in patients at risk of developing severe illness:
The dosage may be adjusted based on the response and tolerance to the medication. Your healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate dose based on your medical history and your response to the medication.
Paxlovid should be taken exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or frequency of use without consulting your provider.
If you have any questions about your dosage or need adjustments, contact your healthcare provider for guidance. If you want to talk to a provider right away, consider scheduling an online doctor appointment through a telehealth platform like Sesame.
If you miss a dose of Paxlovid, take it as soon as you remember unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Take Paxlovid at the same time every day if it is prescribed for regular use to ensure effectiveness.
Continue taking Paxlovid as prescribed by your healthcare provider, even if you start feeling better. Completing the prescribed course is crucial for effectively managing your condition.
If you have any concerns or questions about your medication, discuss them with your healthcare provider for medical advice and recommendations.
Store Paxlovid according to the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Keep it at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Ensure the container is tightly closed and out of reach of children.
Do not use expired medication or medications that appear damaged or discolored. If you have any questions about storage, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance.