An OB/GYN is a medical doctor specializing in female reproductive health. The initials “OB” and “GYN” refer to two separate medical fields usually practiced together. Obstetrics (the “OB” of OB/GYN) deals with health care during pre-conception, pregnancy, childbirth, and post-delivery, while gynecology (the “GYN” or OB/GYN) deals with the general care of women's health issues. So while obstetrics deals specifically with prenatal care, pregnancy, high-risk pregnancies, and other medical needs of pregnant women (or women soon to become pregnant), gynecology deals with a woman's reproductive health and wellness more generally.

While OB/GYNs specialize in health care modalities for women and girls, they are also considered primary care providers. A primary care provider offers diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative medicine services for acute and chronic conditions while working with patients to maintain their general health.

A woman might see an OB/GYN for:

• Comprehensive gynecological exams
  
• Pap smears
  
• Pelvic exam and ultrasounds
  
• Birth control counseling
  
• Treatment for acute gynelogical conditions
  
• Fertility counseling & infertility evaluation/treatment
  
• Treatment for menopause symptoms
  
• Diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
  
• Cancer screenings, prevention, and treatment planning
  
• Prenatal care & delivery services
  
  

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends that girls first see an OB/GYN between the ages of 13 and 15. A family medicine provider or pediatrician will handle health issues related to the reproductive tract before adolescence. A preliminary visit with an OB/GYN may only consist of discussing puberty, menstrual periods, and sexual activity. Most girls will not need a pap smear or pelvic exam on their first visit unless they are experiencing abnormal pain or bleeding.

Physical and pelvic exams

After an initial consultation, an OB/GYN performs a physical and pelvic exam for a comprehensive picture of the patient’s overall wellness and to check for any abnormalities of the reproductive system. These are standard procedures that allow OB/GYNs to provide continuous and complete care based on their patient's individual needs.

Here’s what to expect.

During a general physical exam:

• Patient’s height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) are measured
  
• Blood pressure is taken
  
• Lungs are auscultated for any breathing abnormalities
  
• Heart rate and rhythm assessed to check for heart murmurs or arrhythmias
  
• Abdomen examined for any tenderness, organ enlargement, or hernias
  
• Extremities checked for swelling or joint stiffness
  
• Skin examined for lesions, rashes, bumps, etc.
  
• Eyesight tested with an eye chart
  
  

During a pelvic exam:

• The healthcare provider will start by examining both legs for any abnormalities
  
• The vulva is visually examined for bumps, irritation, sores, or redness
  
• The OB/GYN uses a speculum–a plastic or metal device that spreads open the vaginal walls–to conduct an internal exam of the vagina
  
• The OB/GYN will insert two lubricated fingers into the vagina while applying pressure to various areas to feel for any signs of infection or other irregularities
  
• Samples of cervical cells may be taken for further testing if needed (Pap smear)
  
• Questions about sexual practices, menstrual cycle, pregnancy history, etc., may be asked during this time
  
  

Pap Smears

At the age of 21, women should start getting a pap smear. OB/GYNs typically use Pap smears to screen for cervical cancer by looking for abnormal cells on the cervix that could indicate the presence of disease. When performing a pap smear, the OB/GYN will hold open the vaginal walls with a speculum and use a small brush or swab to collect cervical cells. Then, OB/GYNs examine these cells under a microscope for signs of infection or disease. Your OB/GYN may recommend additional tests, such as ultrasounds, as part of your overall screening regimen, depending on your health history.

Questions to ask your OB/GYN

If you have any health concerns or want more information, go to your appointment with a list of questions you may want to ask. Specific questions may vary depending on your age, sexual activity, and health history.

Some common questions include:

• Do I need any vaccinations?
  
• Am I at high risk for any developing cancers or infections?
  
• How do I reduce the risk of breast cancer or cervical cancer?
  
• How often should I get cancer screenings and breast exams?
  
• How heavy should my menstrual flow be?
  
• What should I expect while going through menopause?
  
• What type of contraception is best for me?
  
• How often should I get tested for an STI?
  
  

Booking an Appointment

Here’s how to book an OB/GYN appointment on Sesame:

• Search "OB/GYN" in Sesame’s search bar
  
• Explore the list of nearby service providers
  
• Choose from video or in-person services
  
• Choose a time that best accommodates your schedule
  
• Book your visit!
  
  

Yep, it’s that easy. Don’t wait to get the health care you need. Book an in-person or video visit today.