Ciprofloxacin

Medically reviewed by Jessica Swirble, PharmD
Last updated on 3/27/2024

Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request a Prescription

The use of ciprofloxacin has been shown to cause side effects in some patients.

Common mild side effects of ciprofloxacin use include:

• Nausea
  
• Vomiting
  
• Diarrhea
  
• Stomach pain or discomfort
  
• Heartburn
  
• Headache
  
• Drowsiness
  
  

More severe side effects include:

• Tendon inflammation or rupture
  
• Joint pain or swelling
  
• Muscle weakness or pain
  
• Nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy) leading to tingling, numbness, or weakness in the limbs
  
• Allergic reactions (like hives, itching, swelling of the face, lips, or throat, difficulty breathing, and rapid heartbeat)
  
• Severe diarrhea with bloody or watery stools, abdominal cramps, and fever
  
• Changes in mood or mental health, such as anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, or depression
  
• Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
  
• Liver problems, including jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, or abdominal pain
  
• Seizures or convulsions
  
  

Ciprofloxacin can cause bone and joint issues in children under 18. Because of this, it is rarely prescribed to children. If a provider is prescribing ciprofloxacin for your child, tell them about any joint issues your child may have before they start treatment.

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any severe symptoms while taking ciprofloxacin. If you experience mild side effects that become severe or do not go away after a few days, speak to a healthcare provider right away.

Tell your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or other medications you are taking before starting treatment with ciprofloxacin. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements, as they may interact with this drug.

Tell your provider if you are taking these medications or supplements:

• Corticosteroids
  
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  
• Other antibiotics
  
• Antidepressants
  
• Medications used to treat heart rhythm disorders
  
• Blood thinners (anticoagulants)
  
• Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium
  
• Iron or zinc supplements
  
• Theophylline (used to treat asthma)
  
• Warfarin or other anticoagulants
  
  

You should also mention medical conditions such as:

• Tendon problems or disorders
  
• Myasthenia gravis (a neuromuscular disorder)
  
• Liver or kidney disease
  
• Heart rhythm disorders or conditions affecting the heart
  
• Diabetes
  
• Central nervous system disorders
  
• Seizures or epilepsy
  
• Low levels of potassium or magnesium in the blood
  
  

If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider before using ciprofloxacin to assess potential risks and benefits.

Drink plenty of fluids while taking ciprofloxacin to stay hydrated unless otherwise instructed by your doctor.

Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and UV rays while on ciprofloxacin, as it can increase the risk of sunburn and skin sensitivity. Use sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors.

Do not take ciprofloxacin with dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, or antacids containing calcium, magnesium, or aluminum, as these can interfere with the medication's absorption.

Avoid consuming products with caffeine (like coffee, chocolate, energy drinks, and certain teas) while taking ciprofloxacin. When combined with caffeine, ciprofloxacin can cause nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, or restlessness.

Your healthcare provider will provide specific instructions regarding the use of ciprofloxacin with food, beverages, and other medications. It's essential to follow their guidance to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and minimize the risk of side effects.

Symptoms of a ciprofloxacin overdose may include:

• Dizziness
  
• Tremors or shaking
  
• Confusion
  
• Hallucinations
  
• Seizures
  
• Nausea and vomiting
  
• Diarrhea
  
• Abdominal pain or cramps
  
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
  
• Difficulty breathing
  
• Loss of consciousness
  
  

If you experience any of these symptoms, call the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222. If an individual has collapsed, is having seizures, or is unresponsive, call 9-1-1 immediately.