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Dexamethasone

Common Brand Names: Decadron

Side Effects & Precautions

Medically reviewed by Jessica Swirble, PharmD
Last updated on 5/24/2024

Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request a Prescription

What are the side effects of dexamethasone?

The use of dexamethasone can lead to various side effects in some individuals.

Common mild side effects of dexamethasone use include:

  • Stomach irritation/ upset stomach
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Anxiety
  • Irritability
  • Nervousness/ restlessness
  • Acne
  • Increased hunger
  • Increased blood sugar
  • High blood pressure

More severe side effects of dexamethasone use can include:

  • Swelling in the face, ankles, or legs
  • Skin rash/ hives
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Wheezing
  • Weight gain
  • Muscle weakness
  • Osteoporosis
  • Black or tarry stools
  • Infections
  • Cataracts and glaucoma

If you experience any severe or concerning side effects while taking dexamethasone, contact your healthcare provider right away.

What should I tell my healthcare provider before using dexamethasone?

Inform your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or other medications you are taking before starting treatment with dexamethasone. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements, as they may interact with dexamethasone.

Tell your provider if you are taking these medications or supplements:

  • Anticoagulants
  • Arthritis medications
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Hormone therapy
  • Diuretics
  • Oral contraceptives (birth control pills)
  • Heart rhythm medications
  • Immunosuppressant medications

You should also mention medical conditions such as:

  • Kidney or liver disease
  • Intestinal conditions
  • Heart disease
  • Diabetes
  • Thyroid conditions
  • High blood pressure
  • Mental health conditions
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Osteoporosis
  • Herpes infection of the eye
  • Seizures
  • Tuberculosis
  • Stomach ulcers
  • Glaucoma or cataracts

If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss the potential risks and benefits of using dexamethasone with your healthcare provider.

Are there any other special instructions I should follow?

Take dexamethasone exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or length of treatment.

You may be asked to eat a low-salt, high-potassium, and high-protein diet while taking dexamethasone.

Dexamethasone should be taken with food or milk to help reduce stomach upset. To ensure the medication's effectiveness, it's important to complete the full course of treatment, especially if it's part of a scheduled regimen for conditions like inflammation or autoimmune disorders.

What should I do in case of an overdose?

In case of a dexamethasone overdose, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include severe drowsiness, rapid weight gain, swelling, or severe dizziness. If you suspect an overdose, contact the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222 or call emergency services.