Medically reviewed by Jessica Swirble, PharmD
Last updated on April 17, 2025
Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request an Online Prescription
Propranolol is a medication used to manage cardiovascular conditions primarily by slowing the heart rate and reducing blood pressure. It belongs to a class of medications known as beta-blockers, which work by blocking the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the body's beta receptors, which helps to ease stress on the heart and blood vessels.
Propranolol is used to treat a variety of conditions related to heart and blood vessel disorders.
This includes:
Propranolol belongs to a classification of medications known as beta-blockers. These medications work by blocking the transmission of certain nerve impulses. When stimulated, nerves release a chemical called epinephrine (also known as adrenaline). Adrenaline can cause blood vessels to tighten and narrow. Narrowed blood vessels make it more difficult for blood to be pumped through the body, leading to an increase in blood pressure.
By preventing epinephrine’s effect on blood vessels, propranolol keeps them relaxed and open. This reduces blood pressure and minimizes the risk of cardiac conditions such as heart attack, heart failure, and coronary artery disease.
It is important to note that propranolol is not a cure for high blood pressure, though it does help control it.
Propranolol is available in the following forms:
The dosage and length of treatment depend on the condition being treated, its severity, and how you tolerate the medication.
Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and schedule. Do not exceed the prescribed dose or duration of treatment without consulting your provider.
The effectiveness of propranolol and the time it takes to notice improvement can vary among individuals. For conditions like hypertension or anxiety, some effects can be noticed shortly after starting the medication, but it may take a few weeks to achieve the full therapeutic effects.
Continue taking propranolol as prescribed even if you start feeling better. Do not abruptly stop the medication, as it may lead to a return of symptoms or exacerbation of heart conditions.
While propranolol is primarily used for treating high blood pressure, angina, certain heart rhythm disorders, and prevention of migraines, healthcare providers may sometimes prescribe it off-label for other conditions such as anxiety disorders, certain types of tremors, and prevention of secondary heart attacks.
Discuss any alternative uses of propranolol with your healthcare provider.
Propranolol is available in the following dosage forms:
Generic versions of propranolol are available.
Propranolol is a prescription medication. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to obtain this medication.
The use of propranolol can lead to various side effects in some individuals.
Common mild side effects of propranolol use include:
More severe side effects of propranolol use can include:
If you experience any severe or concerning side effects while taking propranolol, contact your healthcare provider right away.
Tell your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or other medications you are taking before starting treatment with propranolol. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements, as they may interact with propranolol.
Tell your provider if you are taking these medications or supplements:
You should also mention medical conditions such as:
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider before using propranolol to assess potential risks and benefits.
Take propranolol exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or duration of treatment.
Propranolol can affect your heart rate and blood pressure. Be aware of any symptoms of hypotension or bradycardia, such as dizziness, fainting, or unusually slow heartbeats.
Take propranolol at the same time every day to maintain an even level in your blood. For immediate-release formulations, it's often taken in divided doses. Extended-release capsules are usually taken once a day.
In case of a propranolol overdose, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include severe dizziness, fainting, difficulty breathing, or a very slow heart rate. If you suspect an overdose, contact the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222 or call emergency services.
Propranolol is available in the following forms:
The typical starting dose of propranolol varies depending on the condition being treated, the severity of symptoms, and individual patient factors. It is crucial to follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and administration.
For hypertension:
For angina (chest pain):
For migraine prevention:
The dosage may be adjusted based on the response and tolerance to the medication. Your healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate dose based on your medical history and your response to the medication.
Propranolol should be taken exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or duration of treatment without consulting your provider.
If you have any questions about your dosage or need adjustments, contact your healthcare provider for guidance. If you want to talk to a provider right away, consider scheduling an online doctor appointment through a telehealth platform like Sesame.
If you miss a dose of propranolol, take it as soon as you remember unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Take propranolol around the same time every day to ensure effectiveness.
Continue taking propranolol as prescribed by your healthcare provider, even if you start feeling better. Do not stop the medication abruptly without consulting your provider, as it may lead to a return of symptoms or worsening of your condition.
If you have any concerns or questions about your medication, discuss them with your healthcare provider for medical advice and recommendations.
Store propranolol according to the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Keep it at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Ensure the container is tightly closed and out of reach of children.
Do not use expired medication or medications that appear damaged or discolored. If you have any questions about storage, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance.