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Minoxidil (Topical)

Common Brand Names: Rogaine

Drug Information

Medically reviewed by Jessica Swirble, PharmD
Last updated on April 18, 2025

Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request an Online Prescription

Quick facts:

  • Brand Name: Rogaine
  • Generic Name: Minoxidil
  • Uses: Treatment for hair loss and to promote hair regrowth
  • Drug Class: Vasodilator
  • Availability: Over-the-counter
  • Generic Status: Yes
  • Controlled Substance: No

What is topical minoxidil?

Topical minoxidil is a medication used to treat hair loss and promote hair growth. It works by increasing blood flow to the scalp, which stimulates new hair growth. The most common form of topical minoxidil is a foam or liquid applied directly to the scalp twice daily.

What is topical minoxidil used to treat?

Minoxidil is a topical medication used to treat hair loss and promote hair growth in both men and women.

Minoxidil will not cure baldness, but it can help you keep the hair you have while preventing further balding. In addition, minoxidil has been shown to encourage hair growth. It may take several months for hair growth to occur, and the regrown hair will fall out if you stop using minoxidil.

How does topical minoxidil work?

Minoxidil belongs to a class of medications known as vasodilators. These drugs work by opening blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more freely throughout the body. This increased circulation delivers more oxygen and nutrients to the follicles, resulting in thicker and healthier hair growth over time.

Minoxidil also decreases the resting phase of hair follicles and increases the growth phase.

How do I use topical minoxidil?

Topical minoxidil is available in the following forms:

  • Solution
  • Foam

The dosage and frequency of use depend on the condition being treated, its severity, and how you respond to the medication.

Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and schedule. Do not exceed the prescribed dose or frequency of use without consulting your provider.

How long until I see results?

Topical minoxidil is used to treat hair loss and promote hair regrowth. The effects can be noticeable within a few months, but it may take up to four months or longer to see significant improvement.

Continue using topical minoxidil even if you start seeing results. Regular use is crucial for the treatment's effectiveness.

Are there any other uses for topical minoxidil?

While topical minoxidil is primarily used to treat hair loss, healthcare providers may prescribe it off-label for other conditions, such as promoting hair growth in areas affected by alopecia areata.

Discuss any alternative uses of topical minoxidil with your healthcare provider.

Dosage forms of topical minoxidil

Topical minoxidil is available in the following dosage forms:

  • Solution
  • Foam

Topical minoxidil is an over-the-counter medication, so you do not need a prescription to obtain it. However, it's important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the product label for safe and effective use.

Side Effects and Precautions for Topical Minoxidil


Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request an Online Prescription

What are the side effects of topical minoxidil?

The use of topical minoxidil can lead to various side effects in some individuals.

Common mild side effects of topical minoxidil use include:

  • Scalp irritation
  • Scalp dryness
  • Scaling, itching, and burning at the application site
  • Changes in hair color or texture

More severe side effects of topical minoxidil use can include:

  • Weight gain
  • Swelling
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Chest pain
  • Lightheadedness

If you experience any severe or concerning side effects while taking topical minoxidil, contact your healthcare provider right away.

What should I tell my healthcare provider before using topical minoxidil?

Inform your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or other medications you are taking before starting treatment with minoxidil. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements, as they may interact with minoxidil.

Tell your provider if you are taking these medications or supplements:

  • Vitamins
  • High blood pressure medication

You should also mention medical conditions such as:

  • Heart disease
  • Kidney disease
  • Liver disease

If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss the potential risks and benefits of using minoxidil with your healthcare provider.

Are there any other special instructions I should follow?

Use topical minoxidil exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or duration of treatment.

Topical minoxidil should be applied to the scalp twice daily, in the morning and evening. Ensure the scalp is dry before application, and avoid shampooing your hair for at least four hours after applying the medication. Wash your hands thoroughly after each use to avoid spreading the medication to other parts of your body.

What should I do in case of an overdose?

In case of a topical minoxidil overdose, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include dizziness, rapid heartbeat, fainting, or unusual weight gain. If you suspect an overdose, contact the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222 or call emergency services.

Proper Use & Dosage Information for Topical Minoxidil


Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request an Online Prescription

What is the typical starting dose for topical minoxidil?

Topical minoxidil is available in the following forms:

  • Solution
  • Foam

For hair loss:

Males:

  • Foam: Apply 1 mL of solution or half a capful to the scalp twice daily (in the morning and evening).
  • 2% or 5% solution: 1 ml twice daily to scalp

Females:

  • Foam: Apply ½ capful once daily
  • 2% solution: 1 ml twice daily

The dosage may be adjusted based on the patient's response and tolerance to the medication. For the most appropriate dose, refer to the medication’s packaging.

Topical minoxidil should be used as directed by your healthcare provider or the medication’s packaging. Do not exceed the recommended dose or duration of treatment without talking with your provider.

If you have any questions about your dosage or need adjustments, contact your healthcare provider for guidance. If you want to talk to a provider right away, consider scheduling an online doctor appointment through a telehealth platform like Sesame.

What should I do if I miss a dose of topical minoxidil?

If you miss a dose of topical minoxidil, apply it as soon as you remember unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.

Apply topical minoxidil around the same time every day to maintain an even level of medication on your scalp.

What should I do if I'm feeling better while using topical minoxidil?

Continue using topical minoxidil as prescribed by your healthcare provider, even if you start seeing results. It's important to keep using the medication as directed to manage your condition effectively.

Do not suddenly stop using topical minoxidil, as this can cause the medication's effects to reverse. Your healthcare provider will provide guidance if you need to stop using it.

If you have any concerns or questions about your medication, discuss them with your healthcare provider for medical advice and recommendations.

How should I store topical minoxidil?

Store topical minoxidil according to the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Keep it at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Ensure the container is tightly closed and out of reach of children.

Do not use expired medication or medications that appear damaged or discolored. If you have any questions about storage, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance.

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