Common Brand Names: Catapres, Kapvay
Medically reviewed by Jessica Swirble, PharmD
Last updated on April 18, 2025
Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request an Online Prescription
Clonidine is a prescription medication used to treat high blood pressure. Extended-release clonidine tablets (Kapvay) are prescribed as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.
Clonidine tablets are prescribed in conjunction with other medication and lifestyle changes to treat high blood pressure.
It is important to note that clonidine does not cure high blood pressure. Instead, it works in conjunction with other forms of treatment to control it.
Extended-release clonidine tablets are prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children.
As a treatment for ADHD, clonidine is prescribed as one part of a comprehensive training plan that includes social, behavioral, and education therapy along with medication. Clonidine is not a cure for ADHD but helps reduce symptoms in patients managing the condition.
Clonidine belongs to a class of antihypertensive medications known as alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. It works on certain receptors in the brain that affect the central nervous system. By triggering these receptors, clonidine encourages the relaxation of blood vessels and decreases heart rate, lowering blood pressure.
It’s not fully understood how clonidine helps the management of ADHD, but it has been shown to reduce symptoms of restlessness and impulsivity that characterize the disorder.
Clonidine is not a cure for high blood pressure or ADHD. It is prescribed in conjunction with other forms of treatment to manage the symptoms caused by these two conditions.
Clonidine is prescribed to treat high blood pressure, along with lifestyle changes such as dietary adjustments and increased exercise. When incorporated together, this comprehensive treatment plan helps patients sustain control over their blood pressure.
Clonidine is prescribed with social, educational, and behavioral therapy as a treatment for ADHD.
Clonidine is available in the following forms:
The dosage and frequency of use depend on the condition being treated, its severity, and how you respond to the medication.
Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and schedule. Do not exceed the prescribed dose or frequency of use without consulting your provider.
Clonidine is used to manage high blood pressure, relieve symptoms of ADHD, and treat certain pain conditions. The effects can be noticeable within a few days, but it may take several weeks to achieve optimal control, especially for blood pressure and ADHD symptoms.
Continue using clonidine as prescribed, even if you start feeling better. Regular use according to your prescription is crucial for the management of symptoms.
While clonidine is primarily used for treating high blood pressure, ADHD, and certain pain conditions, healthcare providers may prescribe it off-label for other conditions like withdrawal symptoms from opioids or alcohol.
Discuss any alternative uses of clonidine with your healthcare provider.
Clonidine is available in the following dosage forms:
Clonidine is a prescription medication. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to obtain this medication.
The use of clonidine can lead to various side effects in some individuals.
Common mild side effects of clonidine use include:
More severe side effects of clonidine use can include:
If you experience any severe or concerning side effects while taking clonidine, contact your healthcare provider right away.
Inform your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or other medications you are taking before starting treatment with clonidine. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements, as they may interact with clonidine.
Tell your provider if you are taking these medications or supplements:
You should also mention medical conditions such as:
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss the potential risks and benefits of using clonidine with your healthcare provider.
Take clonidine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or duration of treatment.
Clonidine can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset. It's important to complete the full course of treatment, even if you feel better, to ensure the medication's effectiveness in managing your condition.
In case of a clonidine overdose, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include severe drowsiness, slow heart rate, severe dizziness, or fainting. If you suspect an overdose, contact the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222 or call emergency services.
Clonidine is available in the following forms:
The typical starting dose of clonidine varies depending on the condition being treated, the severity of symptoms, and individual patient factors. It is crucial to follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and administration.
For high blood pressure:
For ADHD:
The dosage may be adjusted based on the response and tolerance to the medication. Your healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate dose based on your medical history and your response to the medication.
Clonidine should be taken as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or duration of treatment without consulting your provider.
If you have any questions about your dosage or need adjustments, contact your healthcare provider for guidance. If you want to talk to a provider right away, consider scheduling an online doctor appointment through a telehealth platform like Sesame.
If you miss a dose of clonidine, take it as soon as you remember unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Take clonidine around the same time every day to maintain an even level of medication in your body.
Continue taking clonidine as prescribed by your healthcare provider, even if you start feeling better. It's important to keep taking the medication as directed to manage your condition effectively.
Do not suddenly stop taking clonidine as this can cause withdrawal symptoms and can cause your blood pressure to elevate. Other symptoms include flushing, headache, insomnia, and excessive sweating. Your healthcare provider will gradually decrease your dose if you need to stop taking it.
If you have any concerns or questions about your medication, discuss them with your healthcare provider for medical advice and recommendations.
Store clonidine according to the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Keep it at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Ensure the container is tightly closed and out of reach of children.
Do not use expired medication or medications that appear damaged or discolored. If you have any questions about storage, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance.