Medically reviewed by Jessica Swirble, PharmD
Last updated on 6/6/2024

Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request a Prescription

• Brand Name: Glucophage, Glumetza, Fortamet, Riomet
  
• Generic Name: Metformin
  
• Uses: Treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus
  
• Drug Class: Biguanide
  
• Availability: Prescription only
  
• Generic Status: Yes
  
• Controlled Substance: No
  
  

Metformin is a prescription medication used to manage blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used to treat prediabetes and induce ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It reduces the amount of glucose (blood sugar) absorbed from food and the amount of glucose produced by the liver. It also increases insulin sensitivity.

Metformin is prescribed to manage blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, also known as “blood sugar.”

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, or your body doesn’t use it properly. Excessive blood sugar levels cause cells in the pancreas to release more insulin. High levels of insulin production cause cells in the body to become resistant to it, meaning that the cells cannot take in enough sugar to keep blood sugar levels from rising.

Metformin belongs to a class of medications known as biguanides. Biguanides help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. When you ingest metformin, it enters your bloodstream and travels to your liver. Here, metformin reduces the liver's glucose production and the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream. Doing so effectively lowers the overall amount of sugar circulating in your blood.

Additionally, metformin enhances the body's response to insulin, making your cells more receptive to this hormone. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas can produce insulin, but cells in the body do not use it properly. Metformin’s double-action mechanism helps lower blood sugar levels and makes muscle tissue more sensitive to insulin, allowing the tissue to absorb more insulin and use the glucose for energy.

Metformin is available in the following forms:

• Oral tablets
  
• Oral solution
  
  

The dosage and frequency of use depend on the condition being treated, its severity, and how you respond to the medication.

Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and schedule. Do not exceed the prescribed dose or frequency of use without consulting your provider.

Metformin is used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effects can be noticeable within a few days, but achieving desired blood glucose control may take several weeks.

Continue using metformin as prescribed, even if you start feeling better. Regular use according to your prescription is crucial for the management of blood sugar levels.

While metformin is primarily used for treating type 2 diabetes, healthcare providers may prescribe it off-label for other conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or weight management in patients with overweight or obesity.

Discuss any alternative uses of metformin with your healthcare provider.

Metformin is available in the following dosage forms:

• Oral tablets
  
• Oral solution
  
  

Metformin is a prescription medication. You will need a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to obtain this medication.