Medically reviewed by Jessica Swirble, PharmD
Last updated on March 27, 2025
Drug Information | Side Effects | Use & Dosage | Request an Online Prescription
Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic medication used to treat urinary tract infections.
Nitrofurantoin is prescribed to treat urinary tract infections. It is only effective against bacterial infections. You should not take nitrofurantoin to treat a viral, parasitic, or fungal infection.
Nitrofurantoin belongs to a class of medications known as antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria that cause infections.
Nitrofurantoin is an oral medication. It should be taken with food or milk.
The time it takes to note the effects of nitrofurantoin will vary depending on the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Most patients start feeling better within a few days after starting use. In the case of a severe infection, it may take longer before you feel better.
If you have been taking nitrofurantoin for several days and aren't feeling better, talk to your healthcare provider. Do not increase your dosage. If you are feeling better, do not stop using nitrofurantoin until your provider directs you to do so.
Take nitrofurantoin for as long as your provider tells you to.
Nitrofurantoin is primarily prescribed to treat urinary tract infections; talk to your healthcare provider about other uses for this medication, if appropriate.
This drug is available as an oral capsule or a liquid to be taken by mouth.
It is available in its generic form or under the brand names Furadantin, Furalan, Macrobid, and Microdantin.
Nitrofurantoin is only available via prescription. You must have a written prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to obtain this medication.
The use of nitrofurantoin has been shown to cause side effects in some patients.
Common mild side effects of nitrofurantoin use include:
More severe side effects include:
Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any severe symptoms while taking nitrofurantoin. If you experience mild side effects that become severe or do not go away after a few days, speak to a healthcare provider right away.
Tell your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or other medications you are taking before starting treatment with nitrofurantoin. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and dietary supplements, as they may interact with this drug.
Tell your provider if you are taking medications such as:
You should also mention medical conditions such as:
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider before using nitrofurantoin to assess potential risks and benefits.
You can follow your regular diet while taking nitrofurantoin. Talk to your healthcare provider about the use of this drug with food, beverages, alcohol, and tobacco.
Your healthcare provider will tell you if you should avoid certain foods, beverages, or products while using nitrofurantoin. It is extremely important to follow their guidance, as certain drugs can interact with other substances in the body---leading to potentially severe reactions. If you have any questions about special instructions you should follow while taking this drug, talk to your healthcare provider before use.
If an individual has collapsed, is having seizures, or is unresponsive, call 9-1-1 immediately.
Nitrofurantoin is available in the following forms:
The typical starting dose of nitrofurantoin varies depending on the type of infection being treated, the severity of the infection, and individual patient factors. It is important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and administration.
For uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), the typical starting dose may be:
For prophylaxis (prevention of recurrent UTIs), your healthcare provider may recommend lower doses taken daily or several times a week, depending on your specific situation.
Your healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate dose and duration of treatment based on your medical history, current medications, and response to the medication.
Nitrofurantoin should be taken exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or duration of treatment without consulting your provider.
If you have any questions about your dosage, contact your healthcare provider. If you want to talk to a provider right away, book an online doctor appointment on Sesame to discuss your concerns.
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember it. If it's almost time for another dose of nitrofurantoin, skip the missed dose and take your next dose as scheduled. Do not take or apply a double dose of nitrofurantoin.
Do not discontinue or alter your nitrofurantoin dosage without consulting with your healthcare provider. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosing and other recommendations for taking nitrofurantoin.
Store nitrofurantoin as directed by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Proper storage is essential to maintain the medication's effectiveness. nitrofurantoin should be stored at room temperature, away from excessive heat, light, and moisture.
Keep the medication out of the reach of children and ensure that the container is tightly closed.