Benign tumors are abnormal non-cancerous growths that develop in the body. Unlike malignant (cancerous) tumors, benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. The cause of benign tumors is unknown. The growth itself is caused by cell growth. Old or dead cells remain in the body and slowly form the mass known as a tumor.
Benign tumors are very common. Most women experience some form of abnormal mass growth in their breast tissue.
Types of benign tumors include:
- Adenomas: Adenomas are benign tumors that form in the tissue that covers glands and organs. These are frequently found in the colon (known as polyps) or in the tissue surrounding the liver.
- Fibroids: Fibroids grow in the connective tissue of an organ. These benign tumors are most frequently found in the uterus (uterine fibroids). Although they are non-cancerous, fibroids can produce symptoms such as heavy vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and bladder problems. Because of this, these growths are routinely removed from the body.
- Lipomas: Lipomas are abnormal growths in fat cells. These are the most common form of benign tumors and are frequently found in the neck, arms, shoulders, or back.
- Nevis: Nevis are most commonly known as moles. These tumors grow on the surface of the skin and may vary in size, color, and shape. While most moles are safe and non-cancerous, skin growths that change color or grow should be examined by a doctor. This may be a sign of malignancy (cancer).
- Osteochondromas: The most common type of noncancerous bone tumor, these growths usually develop around the knee or shoulder joints. These tumors are frequently diagnosed in children and young adults. While most osteochondromas do not require treatment, growths that put pressure on the nerves or cause pain loss of mobility may require surgery for removal.
Noncancerous tumors will usually be monitored by your doctor to ensure that they do not become malignant. Uterine fibroids or growths that are disrupting organ function may require removal to prevent adverse effects. If you have noticed any abnormal masses below your skin, near your joints, or on the surface of your skin (such as a mole), talk to a health care provider. Even if the tumor is noncancerous, it should be confirmed to be so and monitored by your doctor. This can help detect possibly cancerous growths early in their development.